My SCRAPBOOK (సేకరణలు): A COLLECTION of articles in English and Telugu(తెలుగు), from various sources, on varied subjects. I do not claim credit for any of the contents of these postings as my own.A student's declaration made at the end of his answer paper, holds good to the articles here too:"I hereby declare that the answers written above are true to the best of my friend's knowledge and I claim no responsibility whatsoever of the correctness of the answers."

Friday, March 03, 2006

TELUGU (తెలుగు) Conversations :Survival Kit -V

(The fifth 10 of the 94 conversational practice modules)


41.
rOjuku(per day) eMtha(how much)
adhdhe(rent) ivvaali[(to) give] ?’
‘రోజుకు ఎంత అద్దె ఇవ్వాలి ?’
What is the rent per day?

42.rOjuku(per day) reMdu(two) vaMdhala(hundred) roopaayalu(rupees.)’
‘రోజుకు రెండు వందల రూపాయలు’
It is Rs. 200/- per day.

43.EM(What) bhOjanaM(food) pedathaaru [(you) serve]?
shaakaahaaramaa[(is it) vegetarian], maaMsaahaaramaa[(is it) Non-vegetarian]?
‘ఏం భోజనం పెడతారు ? శాకాహారమా, మాంసాహారమా?'
What kind of food do you serve? vegetarian (or) Non-vegetarian?

44. ‘reMdoonu’
‘రెండూను’
Both

45.aa(that) edhuti(front) gadhilOki(room into) veLLaMdi (go Sir).
‘ఆ ఎదుటి గదిలోకి వెళ్ళండి’
Go to the front room.

46.kaavalasiMdhi(requirements) adagaMDi(ask Sir).
‘కావలసింది అడగంఢి’
Ask for whatever you want.

47. koMchaM(Some) maMchi(good) neeLLu(water) isthaaraa[(will you)give]?’
‘కొంచం మంచి నీళ్ళు ఇస్తారా?’
Will you get me some (drinking) water ?

48.meeru(you) akkadaku(there to) raMdi(come Sir)’.
‘మీరు అక్కడకు రండి’.
You come there.

49.bhOjanaM(Food) theesuku (bring) raMdi(come sir)’ &
‘భోజనం తీసుకు రండి’
Bring/serve the food.

50.battalu(clothes) uthakaMdi(wash Sir).’
‘బట్టలు ఉతకండి’
Wash the clothes.
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Thursday, March 02, 2006

TELUGU (తెలుగు) Conversations :Survival Kit -IV

(The fourth 10 of the 94 conversational practice modules)

31. ‘lEdhu’
‘లేదు’
no, not!

32. ‘mee(your) pEru(name) Emiti(what)?’
‘మీ పేరు ఏమిటి ?’
What is your name?

33. ‘naa(my) pEru(name)________?
‘నా పేరు________?
My name is________

34. ‘meeru(you) Emi(what) chEsthunnaaru [(are) doing)]?’
‘మీరు ఏమి చేస్తున్నారు ?’
What is your business? (Or) What are you?

35. ‘meeru(you) ekkaDa(where) uMtunnaaru(reside) ?’
‘మీరు ఎక్కఢ ఉంటున్నారు ?’
Where do you reside?

36. ‘mee(your) oori(town’s) pEru(name) EmitaMdi(what sir) ?’
‘మీ ఊరి పేరు ఏమిటండి ?’
What is the name of the town you hail from ?

37. ‘maa(Our) oori(town’s) pEru(name) _______.’
‘మా ఊరి పేరు _______.’
The name of the town, I hail from is ________

38. ‘mee(your) vayasu(age) eMtha(how much)?’
‘మీ వయసు ఎంత ?’
How old are you?

39. ‘mee(your) illu(house) ekkaDa(where) unnadhi(is)?’
‘మీ ఇల్లు ఎక్కఢ ఉన్నది ?’
Where is your residence?

40. ‘ee(this) phaaraM(form) niMpi(fill up) ivvaMdi(give Sir).’
‘ఈ ఫారం నింపి ఇవ్వండి’
Fill up this form and submit.
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MOTHERS


My Mom Only Had One Eye.
(Please read it completely)
My mom only had one eye.
I hated her... she was such an embarrassment. my mom ran a small shop at a flea market. she collected little weeds and such to sell...
anything for the money we needed she was such an embarrassment.
There was this one day during elementary school. It was field day, and my mom came. I was so embarrassed. How could she do this to me? Threw her a hateful look and ran out.
The next day at school...
"Your mom only has one eye?!?!”and they taunted me.

I wished that my mom would just disappear from this world so I said to my mom, "mom... Why don’t you have the other eye?! If you're only gonna make me a laughingstock, why don’t you just die?!!!" my mom did not respond... i guess I felt a little bad, but at the same time, it felt good to think that i had said what I’d wanted to say all this time.. Maybe it was because my mom hadn’t punished me, but I didn’t think that I had hurt her feelings very badly.

That night...
I woke up, and went to the kitchen to get a glass of water. My mom was crying there, so quietly, as if she was afraid that she might wake me. I took a look at her, and then turned away because of the thing I had said to her earlier, there was something pinching at me in the corner of my heart. Even so, I hated my mother who was crying out of her one eye. So I told myself that I would grow up and become successful. Because I hated my one-eyed mom and our desperate poverty.
Then I studied real hard.
I left my mother and came to Seoul and studied, and got accepted in the Seoul University with all the confidence I had. Then, I got married.

I bought a house of my own. Then I had kids, too... now I’m living happily as a successful man.

I like it here because it's a place that doesn’t remind me of my mom.
This happiness was getting bigger and bigger, when...
What?!

Who’s this?!

...it was my mother...

..Still with her one eye.
It felt as if the whole sky was falling apart on me.
My little girl ran away, scared of my mom's eye.
And I asked her, "who are you?!"
"I don’t know you!!!" as if trying to make that real. I screamed at her,” How dare you come to my house and scare my daughter!"

"GET OUT OF HERE! NOW!!!"
And to this, my mother quietly answered, "oh, I’m so sorry. I may have gotten the wrong address," and she disappeared out of sight. Thank goodness... she doesn’t recognize me.
I was quite relieved.

I told myself that I wasn’t going to care, or think about this for the rest of my life. Then a wave of relief came upon me...

one day, a letter regarding a school reunion came to my house. so, lying to my wife that I was going on a business trip, I went. After the reunion, I went down to the old shack that I used to call a house...just out of curiosity. There, I found my mother fallen on the cold ground.

But I did not shed a single tear.
She had a piece of paper in her hand.... it was a letter to me.

"My son...

I think my life has been long enough now..
And... I won’t visit Seoul anymore...
but would it be too much to ask if I wanted you to come visit me once in a while? I miss you so much... and I was so glad when I heard you were coming for the reunion. But I decided not to go to the school. ...for you... and I’m sorry that I only have one eye, and I was an embarrassment for you.

You see, when you were very little, you got into an accident, and lost your eye. as a mom, I couldn’t stand watching you having to grow up with only one eye... so I gave you mine... I was so proud of my son that was seeing a whole new world for me, in my place, with that eye. i was never upset at you for anything you did.. The couple times that you were angry with me, I thought to myself, 'it's because he loves me..'
my son... oh, my son...
I don’t want you to cry for me, because of my death.
Please don’t cry...
my son, i love you so much"

so folks don't be ashamed of your mom. Pass this on to any moms, daughters and sons that you know. I just did...

Remember:
people will forget what you said ...
people will forget what you did ...
But people will never forget how you made them feel...
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Wednesday, March 01, 2006

Happiness in caanjeevaram silks


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TELUGU (తెలుగు) Conversations :Survival Kit -III

(The third 10 of the 94 conversational practice modules)


21.
meeru(You) ekkadaku(where to) veLthunnaaru(are going) ?
‘మీరు ఎక్కడకు వెళ్తున్నారు ?
Where are you going?

22.hOtaluku( Hotel to) . hOtalu(Hotel) ekkaDa(where) unnadhi is )?’
‘హోటలుకు. హోటలు ఎక్కఢ ఉన్నది?’
To hotel.Where is the hotel ?

23. dhaari(way ) choopaMdi(please show)’
‘దారి చూపండి’
Please, show the way.

24.Edhainaa(Any) baMDi(vehicle)
dhorukuthuMdhaa [(is it) available]?
'ఏదైనా బంఢి దొరుకుతుందా ?
Is there any conveyance/vehicle available ?

25. ee(this) bassu(bus)ekkadaku (where to) veLthuMdhi(goes)?
‘ఈ బస్సు ఎక్కడకు వెళ్తుంది ?
Where does this bus go?

26.hOtalu(hotel) vaipu(direction)’.
‘హోటలు వైపు’.
Towards the hotel.

27.idhE (This only) hOtalu (hotel)!’
‘ఇదే హోటలు’
This only, is the hotel.

28.meeku(you to) Emi(what) kaavaali(want)?
‘మీకు ఏమి కావాలి ?
What do you want?

29.ee (This) hOtalulO(hotel in) uMdadaaniki(stay to) gadhi(room)
dhorukuthuMdhaa [(is it) available] ?’
‘ఈ హోటలులో ఉండడానికి గది దొరుకుతుందా ?’
Is there any room/accommodation available in this hotel?

30.dhorukuthuMdhi [(It is) available].’
‘దొరుకుతుంది’
Yes, available!
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Some Whacky Quotes

Put your hand on a hot stove for a minute, and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour, and it seems like a minute. THAT'S relativity.
- Albert Einstein

The brain is a wonderful organ. It starts working the moment you get up in the morning and does not stop until you get into the office.
- Robert Frost

The trouble with being punctual is that nobody's there to appreciate it.
- Franklin P. Jones

We must believe in luck. For how else can we explain the success of those we don't like?
- Jean Cocturan

It matters not whether you win or lose; what matters is whether I win or lose.
- Darrin Weinberg

Life is pleasant.
Death is peaceful.
It's the transition that's troublesome.

Help a man when he is in trouble and he will remember you when he is in trouble again.

Complex problems have simple, easy to understand wrong answers.

It is not exactly cheating, I prefer to consider it creative problem solving.

Whoever said money can't buy happiness, didn't know where to shop.

Alcohol doesn't solve any problems, but then again, neither does milk.

Most people are only alive because it is illegal to shoot them.

Forgive your enemies but remember their names.

The number of people watching you is directly proportional to the stupidity of your action.

Dont worry that the world ends today, its already tomorrow in Australia! So, Keep Smiling!!!
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"The end of poverty : How we can make it in our lifetime" -by Jeffrey Sachs


"In his 2005 work, The End of Poverty, Sachs wrote that "Africa's governance is poor because Africa is poor", reversing the usual assumption. According to Sachs, with the right policies, mass destitution - like the 1.1 billion extremely poor living on less than $1 a day - can be eliminated within 20 years. China and India serve as examples; China has lifted 300m people out of poverty in the last two decades. For Sachs a key element is raising aid from the $65bn level of 2002 to $195bn a year by 2015. Sachs emphasises the role of geography, with much of Africa suffering from being landlocked and disease-prone, but stresses that these problems once recognised can be overcome: disease (such as malaria) can be controlled, and infrastructure created. Without specifically addressing these issues, political elites will continue to focus on getting resource-based wealth out of the country as fast as possible, and investment and development remain mirages.
Sachs claims he has developed a new branch of economics, called "clinical economics."
Criticism
While a hero to some, many economists view Jeff Sachs’ proposals as dangerously naive. One of his strongest critics is New York University (NYU) Professor of Economics William Easterly who savaged End of Poverty in his review for the Washington Post.
Another person to criticize Sachs is Amir Attaran, who is a scientist and lawyer and currently the Canada Research Chair in Law, Population Health and Global Development at the University of Ottawa. Sachs and Attaran have worked closely as colleagues, including to coauthor a famous study in The Lancet documenting the dearth of foreign aid money to fight HIV/AIDS in the 1990s, which led to the creation of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. However, Sachs and Attaran part company in their opinion of the Millennium Development Goals, and Attaran argues in a paper published in PLoS Medicine and an editorial in the New York Times that the United Nations has misled by setting specific, but immeasurable, targets for the Millennium Development Goals (for example, to reduce maternal mortality or malaria). Sachs dismisses that view in a reply to PLoS Medicine by saying that only a handful of the Millennium Development Goals are immeasurable, but Attaran also replies citing the United Nations' own data analysis (which the UN subsequently blocked from public access) showing that progress on a very large majority of the Millennium Development Goals is never measured. Their ongoing debate on the web is one of the most fundamental in the future of international development.
Author Vandana Shiva in The Ecologist says about Sachs' novel: ".. there is a problem with Sachs' and so many of the other end-poverty prescriptions. Sachs doesn't understand where poverty comes from. He seems to view it as the original sin. 'A few generations ago, almost everybody was poor,' he writes, before adding: 'The Industrial Revolution led to new riches, but much of the world was left far behind.' This is a totally false history of poverty. The poor are not those who have been 'left behind'; they are the ones who have been robbed. The riches accumulated by Europe are based on riches taken from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Without the destruction of India's rich textile industry, without the takeover of the spice trade, without the genocide of the native American tribes, without Africa's slavery, the Industrial Revolution would not have led to new riches for Europe or the US. It was this violent takeover of Third World resources and markets that created wealth in the North and poverty in the South..""
(An extract from the WIKIPEDIA)
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Tuesday, February 28, 2006

Heart of Hinduism



http://hinduism.iskcon.com/index.htm, and www.hinduwebsite.com may be visited to know the heart of Hinduism.
Both the sites are the educational resources which explain the Hindu traditions in clear terms, produced by practitioners of the tradition and are meant for all who wish to broaden their knowledge of Hindu traditions.
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Monday, February 27, 2006

TELUGU (తెలుగు) Conversations: Survival Kit-2


(The second 10 of the 94 conversational practice modules)

11. ‘kShamiMchaMdi(Please excuse), naaku(for me) alavaatu(habit) lEdhu(no)’
‘క్షమించంఢి, నాకు అలవాటు లేదు’
Sorry, I don’t smoke.

12. ‘cheppaMDi(please tell), elaa(how)
naDusthuMdhi((thing)moves)’.
‘చెప్పంఢి, ఎలా నఢుస్తుంది’.
'Tell me,how is everything'

13. mee(your) dhaya(affection),
annee(all) chakkagaa (beautifully) nadusthunnaayi(going.)’
మీ దయ,అన్నీ చక్కగా నడుస్తున్నాయి’
So kind of you, everything is going on very well.

14. ‘choodaMdi((please see), evarO(someone)
vachchaaru ((has) come). ’
‘చూడండి, ఎవరో వచ్చారు’
Please go and see, some one is at the door.

15. ‘kShamiMchaMdi(please excuse), mee((to)your) paniki(work) addaM((as)obstacle)
vachchaanu( I have) come)’
‘క్షమించండి, మీ పనికి అడ్డం వచ్చాను’
Excuse me, I have disturbed you.

16. 'Emi((what) pani(work)?’
‘ఏమి పని ?’
What is the work?

17. ‘athadni(Him), nEnu(I) svayaMgaa (myself) choodaalani (to see)
vachchaanu (have come)’
‘అతడ్ని, నేను స్వయంగా చూడాలని, వచ్చాను’
I want to see him personally.

18. ‘athanithO(with him), Emainaa(any) pani(work) unnadhaa(is (there)) ?
‘అతనితో, ఏమైనా పని ఉన్నదా ?
Have you any work/business with him?

19.mimmalni(You) choodadaaniki(to see) evarO(some one) vachchaaru(has) come).'
‘మిమ్మల్ని చూడడానికి ఎవరో వచ్చారు.'
Some one had come to see you.

20.aayana(he), maa(our)
pakkiMtivaaru(neighbour)’
‘ఆయన, మా పక్కింటివారు’
He is our neighbour.
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ORPHANED BABY ELEPHANTS(Srilanka)


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Sunday, February 26, 2006

TELUGU (తెలుగు) Survival Kit -I


(The first 10 of the 94 conversational dialogues)

1)'namasthE!(greetings) baagaa(well) unnaaraa ([are] you)?'
నమస్తే! బాగా ఉన్నారా ?
Namaste! How do you do?

2)'aan(yes), aMthaa(all) kShEmamE(fine)!'
ఆన్, అంతా క్షేమమే !
Yes, all are fine!

3)‘lOpalaku(Into) raMDi(come)’
‘లోపలకు రంఢి’
come in.

4)‘raMDi(please come),koorchOMDi(please be seated)’
‘రంఢి,కూర్చోంఢి’
come in and be seated.

5)‘meeru(you) eppuDu(when)
vachchinaaru(came)?’
‘మీరు ఎప్పుఢు వచ్చినారు’
When did you come ?

6)‘ippuDE
‘ఇప్పుఢే’
Only just now.

7)‘tee (Tea) puchchukOMDi( please take)!'
‘టీ పుచ్చుకోంఢి !
Have some Tea.

8)‘raMDi (Please come), tee (tea) puchchukoMdhaamu ((let us) take) ’
‘రంఢి, టీ పుచ్చుకొందాము’
come,let us have Tea.

9) ‘kShamiMchaMDi(please (you) excuse), ippuDE
(just now) puchchukonnaanu'( I have taken))’
‘క్షమించంఢి, ఇప్పుఢే పుచ్చుకొన్నాను’
Excuse me, I have just had my tea.

10)‘sigarettu (Cigarett) kaalusthaaraa( burn
(smoke)?’
‘సిగరెట్టు కాలుస్తారా ?’
Would you like to smoke?

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Boys are boys

My son Mohnish and his gang
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TELUGU ( తెలుగు) LANGUAGE – INTRODUCTION FOR NON-NATIVES

The United States of America has 50 states. Likewise, India (the seventh largest country in the world) too has states (28),territories(6)& National capital Territory of Delhi(1) – altogether 35. Andhra Pradesh is one of the 35 states / territories in India. It is the northern most part of South India. Andhra Pradesh has a population of 76 millions. The language spoken by these people in Andhra Pradesh is TELUGU.

2. India has 22 officially recognized languages. Telugu language is one among them. Telugus are found, not only in 20 states in India, but also in 120 countries around the world. Thus, it is estimated that around 120 million people around the world speak Telugu. In India, it is the 2nd widely spoken language, next only to Hindi. In the world, it is the 6th widely spoken language.

3. Telugu is remarkable for its melody of sound. For that reason a British linguist, Mr. Henry Morris, called Telugu the ‘Italian of the East.’ Mr. Robert Caldwell, another linguist too opined that Telugu is the sweetest of all the regional languages in India. Mr. A. H. Arden. A grammarian states that the Telugu language is regular in construction, copious and in conversation a single word or a short phrase, conveys the meaning of the whole sentence.
4. It is melodious and sweet, like honey, hence Telugu is also known as “Tenugu” (‘tene’ in Telugu is honey). The melody of the language is on account of its words ending in vowel sound. Italian words too end in vowel sound, therefore Telugu is called the ‘Italian of the East’.

Let us study some Telugu words (in brackets:Italian Word and its English Meaning)

Telugu words
iMgleeShuఇంగ్లీషు(Inglese (Inglaiseh)-English)
rOmu రోము(Roma-Rome)
maarkettuమార్కెట్టు (mercato-market)
saMchi సంచి(borsa-bag)
sigarettu సిగరెట్టు(cigarette-cigarette)
paaspOrtu పాస్పోర్టు(passporto-passport)
teliphOnuటెలిఫోను (telephono-telephone)
saaraayiసారాయి (wine-wine)
aunuఔను (si-yes)

Thus we observe that the Telugu and the Italian words end in vowel sound, where as the English words end in consonant sound.

5. Because of its melody and sweetness, most of the South Indian devotional singers wrote ‘kritis’& ‘padaas’ (compositions) in Telugu. Many of such compositions (‘kritis’) by Annamayya, Kshetrayya, Iyagaraja, Ramadaasa are still being rendered by ‘Carnatik’ singers in concerts all over the world.

6. Telugu is pronounced as it is written, so ‘what you see is what you get’ (Wysiwyg). That makes Telugu quite easy to learn.

In Englishi) for the 44 sounds, there are only 26 alphabets. Hence the spelling and pronounciation vary from word to word.
ii) Name of the letter & its pronounciation differ.

Let us take the example of the letter ‘g’. It’s pronounciation varies in the following words
god (g = g)
rough (g = f)
gaol (g = j)
Likewise ‘O’ too varies.
in gone
in women (o = i)

On account of this peculiarity, George Bernard Shaw spelt ‘fish’ as ‘ghoti’
(gh = ‘f’ as in rough
o = ‘i’ as in women
ti = ‘sh’ as in nation)

In Telugu the name of the letter and its pronunciation are the same and hence there will not be any confusion in phonetics / sounds.

7. English is very rich in vocabulary. It is because of its assimilation of words from various languages to enhance its vocabulary. From Indian languages too, English has absorbed a number of words. Following are the examples ----

Bandicoot (big rat) --- from Telugu (pandikokku)
Muligattanni (pepper water) --- from Tamil (milagu tanni)
Catamaran (boat) --- from Tamil (kaattumaram)
Juggernaut (massive force) --- from Sanskrit (Puri’s Jagannath)
Like English, Telugu too is very rich in vocabulary. Because, it also has absorbed words from Sanskrit, Persian and English too.

8. As you know English, right away, you can recognise the following words, used in Telugu.

1. aMbulensu 21. kappu
2. bassu 22. kaabEji
3. kaaru 23. phridji
4. saikilu / skootaru 24. glaasu
5. laaree 25. tomaatO
6. taaksi 26. tee
7. trainu 27. bootsu
8. railu 28. beltu
9. roaddu 29. paantu
10. taimu 30. tai
11. tikettu 31. Shartu
12. bus staaMdu 32. thovvaalu
13. mailu 33. soapu
14. kilOmeetaru 34. toothpEShtu
15. baaMku 35. kaameraa
16. haaspitalu 36. kaasettu
17. stEShanu 37. kampyootaru
18. hotalu 38. kaMpaaktu disku
19. aappilu 39. philmu
20. kaaphee

(1. అంబులెన్సు 21. కప్పు
2. బస్సు 22. కాబేజి
3. కారు 23. ఫ్రిడ్జి
4. సైకిలు / స్కూటరు 24. గ్లాసు
5. లారీ 25. టొమాటో
6. టాక్సి 26. టీ
7. ట్రైను 27. బూట్సు
8. రైలు 28. బెల్టు
9. రోడ్డు 29. పాన్టు
10. టైము 30. టై
11. టికెట్టు 31. షర్టు
12. బుస్ స్టాండు 32. తొవ్వాలు
13. మైలు 33. సోపు
14. కిలోమీటరు 34. టూత్పేష్టు
15. బాంకు 35. కామెరా
16. హాస్పిటలు 36. కాసెట్టు
17. స్టేషను 37. కమ్ప్యూటరు
18. హొటలు 38. కంపాక్టు డిస్కు
19. ఆప్పిలు 39. ఫిల్ము 20. కాఫీ )

9. Many Britishers, who came to India, had learnt Telugu. They not only spoke Telugu, but also wrote, edited many books in Telugu. Some, such prominent Britishers were, Rev. Benzamin Schultze, J. A. Yates, J. C. Morris, William Carey, A D. Campbell, William Brown, W. M. Howell, C. P. Brown, Rev. Riecaz, A. H. Arden and many more. Of them C. P. Brown wrote & edited large number of books including dictionaries and grammar in Telugu.

10.Survival Kit:
When the non-natives, as mentioned above, could gain proficiency in Telugu, any one can learn easily the least --- the conversational skills. A set, of 94 sentences in telugu with their meanings for the routine situations, is being introduced in lots of 10 each.It will be an apt survival kit for a non-native tourist intending to visit any part of Andhra Pradesh.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Labels:

"MNEMONICS"


(Retrieved from "http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/English_mnemonics")
To remember how to spell the word "mnemonics" :
• Mnemonics Now Erase Man's Oldest Nemesis, Insufficient Cerebral Storage
You must remember how to spell the word to use the mnemonic, but it does stick in your head.

PC COMPONENTS
To help remember PCMCIA:
• People Cannot Memorize Computer Industry Acronyms
• People Cannot Make Clear, Intuitive Acronyms
The PCMCIA is an acronym for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (also has been known as Peripheral Component Microchannel Interconnect Architecture (IBM)). Typically they are referred to as PC Cards for simplicity.

Mouse is an acronym for Manually-Operated User-Sensitive Equipment.

OSI Networking Model
• Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away
• Please Do Not Tell Sales People Anything
o Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer
Or you can start from the top:
• All People Seem To Need Data Processing
• All Pizza Seems To Need Double Pepperoni
• All Prostitutes Say That Nighttime Doubles Prices

HTML & CSS
The right order to specify the link state pseudo-classes in Cascading Style Sheets
• LoVe HAte
link, visited, hover, active
• TRBL (Trouble)
Top, Right, Bottom, Left Tommy Ran By Lucy

Electronic Colour Codes
These are primarily used to indicate the Ohm value of resistors.
Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White
• Big Beautiful Roses Occupy Your Garden But Violets Grow Wildly
Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White
• Black Beetles Running On Your Garden Brings Very Good Weather
Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White
• Bad Beer Rots Our Young Guts But Vodka Goes Well -- Get Some Now
Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White, Gold, Silver, None
• Bye Bye Rosie Off You Go Birmingham Via Great Western
Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White
• BB ROY Got Back Very Good Wife
Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White
• Bad Boys Rape Our Young Girls, But Violet Gives Willingly.
Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White

Nautical
Concerning the weather:
• "Red sky at night, sailor's delight; red sky in morning, sailor take warning" (or "... shepherd's warning")
Concerning safe navigation in IALA region B:
• "Red Right Returning" - When navigating between a red and green channel marker pair, keep the red marker to starboard when returning to the harbor from the sea.
To remember that port is red and to the left (and that starboard is green and to the right):
• "There is some red port left in the bottle"
• Or remember that it used to be starboard and larboard--L for left--so starboard is right and port is left
• Or remember that port and left each have four letters.
• Colors and directions: The short words, left, port and red go together and the long words right, starboard and green go together.
To remember that in Sag the ends of the boat are pointing upwards while the midship section is lower (and that in Hog the ends are pointing downwards while the midship section is higher):
• "Sag is not Sad" (Yeah, you will have to think of the smiley!)
The legend allegedly printed on tickets of passengers on P&O (Peninsula and Orient) passenger vessels when travelling between UK and India in the days of the Raj.
• Port Out Starboard Home (POSH)
Converting magnetic to true heading:
• Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections? - Compass + Deviation = Magnetic + Variation = True (Add for East corrections)
• Timid Virgins Make Dull Company (After Weddings) - True + Variation = Magnetic + Deviation = Compass (Add for West corrections)
Distinguishing between East and West Marks:
• The women in the west have waists. Remember "all the W's go together"
Compass Directions:
• Naughty Elephants Smash Windows
• Never Eat Soggy Waffles

Language
Spelling
To remember a rule of English spelling (there are several exceptions):
• I before E, except after C, or when used as an "a" as in neighbor or weigh.
• I before E, except after C, or sounding like "a" as in neighbor or weigh.
Argument or arguement?
• I lost an 'e' in an argument
Remembering to spell "cemetery" with three e's:
• She cried "eee!" as she passed the cemetery.
Friend or Freind?
• Always frie your friends.
• Friend ends with end.
• Friend to the end
To spell "rhythm":
• Rhythm Has Your Two Hips Moving
To spell "necessary":
• Never Eat Crisps, Eat Salad Sandwiches, And Remain Young!
To spell "arithmetic":
• A Rat In Tom's House Might Eat Tom's Ice Cream
To spell "Mississippi":
• Say to yourself "M-I-S, S-I-S, S-I-P, P-I" (try it - it will make more sense than seeing it written down! It has a rhythm to it).
• A popular children's method is a rhythm of breaking the word up into groups. After the starting M, it's 'i' followed by 's' twice and then once by 'p': M ISS ISS IPP I (trying saying it outloud, stressing the Is).
• Say to yourself: "Mrs M, Mrs I, Mrs S S I, Mrs S S I, Mrs P P I, Mississippi".
Bold text***Another way to spell Mississippi: M i crooked letter, crooked letter, i, crooked letter, crooked letter, i, hump back, hump back, i. (this is the way mom taught me, growing up)
To spell "Difficulty"
• Mrs D, Mrs I, Mrs FFI, Mrs C, Mrs U, Mrs LTY
To remember the difference between "stationary" and "stationery": "stationery" has an e like envelope, which is what stationery goes into.
To remember the difference between "desert" and "dessert": Dessert has two S's, which stands for Strawberry Shortcake
If you are lost in a desert you are usually alone but dessert is better shared with a friend.
"Dessert" has an extra "S" for sweet.
I'd rather have two desserts than two deserts. (Two S's)
You want dessert to last longer.
Dessert: you want an extra helping of "s".

Phonetics
The manners of articulation:
• Stop Fooling Around Now, Learn Good Voicing
o Stop, Fricative, Affricate, Nasal, Liquid, Glide, Vowel

English vowels:
• Six short vowels - that pen is not much good
• Six long vowels - pa may we all go too

Music
Order of Notes on Treble Clef Lines
To remember the order of the notes represented by the lines on a musical staff that shows treble clef:
• Every good boy deserves fudge (or favour or fun or football)
• Emily gives ben deserved fuck
• Every good boy does fine
• Every great big dog farts
• Every gorilla breaks down fences
• Empty garbage before dad flips
• Elephants go bouncing down freeways
• Elephants go backwards down fire escapes
• Elephants got big dirty feet
• Every good bunny does flips
• Ernie gave Bert dead flowers
• Evil Godzilla buys dog food
Order of Notes on Treble Clef Spaces
The corresponding spaces in the treble clef spell the word F A C E.
• or better yet Finding Acronyms Challenges Everyone... ( Kim piano student of Scott )
Order of Notes on Bass Clef Lines
The equivalents for the lines of the bass clef are:
• Good boys deserve fun always
• Good boys do fine always.
• Good boys don't fight and cuss
• Gorillas break down fences always
• Garbage before dad flips always
• Great big ducks fly away
• Grizzly bears don't fly airplanes
• Girls buy dolls for amusement
• Golf balls don't fly away
• Gum boots don't fit ants
Order of Notes on Bass Clef Spaces
The spaces in the bass clef are:
• All cows eat grass
• All cars eat gas
• Alice Cooper eats garbage
Order of Sharps for Sharp Keys
The order for adding sharps for sharp keys. Say backwards for flat keys.
• Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle.
• Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father.
(or Charles Frederick)
• Also Fidel Castro Gets Drunk After Every Battle.
• Also Fat Carmen Gets Drunk At Every Bar
• And Fat Cops Get Donuts After Every Bust **
• And Fat Cats Go Down Alleys Eating Bugs
• And Fat Cats Go Down Alleys Eating Birds
• And Fat Cats Go Down Alleys Eating Bologna
• And Father Charles Goes Down And Empties Bottles
• and for flats: Bottles Empty And Down Goes Charles' Father.
• And Be Exciting And Daring, Go Climb Fences **
• Also B E A D Greatest Common Factor
o Thanks Kristin!
Order of Musical Modes
The order of the musical modes as based on the white keys of a piano starting with C:
• I Don't Play Like Mariachis After Lunch.
• I Don't Play Like My Aunt Lucy.
• I Don't Piss Like Monkeys At Large.
• I Don't Pretend Lydia Makes Any Logic.
o Ionian mode, Dorian mode, Phrygian mode, Lydian mode, Mixolydian mode, Aeolian mode, Locrian mode.
Order of Strings on a Standard Tuned Guitar
To remember the order of strings on a standard tuned guitar
• Eddie Ate Dynamite, Good Bye Eddie
• Elephants And Donkeys Grow Big Ears
• Eat All Day, Get Big Easy
• Every Architect Designs Good Buildings Everytime
• Every Acid Dealer Gets Busted Eventually
Or in the other order
• Easter Bunnies Get Drunk At Easter
• Every Apple Definitely Gives Bob Energy
• Every Beautiful Girl Deserves An Eye

Time
Daylight Saving Time
How to reset your clock for Daylight Saving Time:
• "Spring forward, fall back."

Months
To remember the lengths of the months in the Gregorian calendar:
• Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November;
All the rest have thirty-one
Excepting February alone,
Which hath but twenty-eight in fine
Till leap year give it twenty-nine.
or
• Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November;
All the rest have thirty-one
Excepting February alone,
Which hath twenty-eight days clear
And twenty-nine in each leap year.
or
• Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November;
After February's done,
all the rest have thirty-one.
which requires you to specifically remember that February has 28 days.
July and all odd numbered months before it have 31 days. August and all even numbered months after it have 31 days. February has 29 days if the year is divisible by 4 (excepting special cases we likely won't live to see), otherwise it has 28 days.
Another version, non-verbal, taking advantage of the previous: Make a fist like to punch someone or to knock fists with them. The knuckles at the back of your hand for your 4 fingers hold the answer as to which months have 31 days: Jan is knuckle, Feb is space between, Mar is next knuckle, ..., over to Jul is 4th knuckle. Ignore your thumb. Start back towards the starting point. Aug is 4th knuckle, Sep is space between, Oct is 3rd knuckle, ... to Dec.

Science
To Remember the colors of the rainbow:
ROY G BIV
Red Orange Yellow
Green
Blue Indigo Violet
• OR Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain
VIBGYOR ---
V - Violet I - Indigo B - Blue G - Green Y - Yellow O - Orange R - Red


Anatomy
To remember the order of the bones in the spinal column (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx):
• Cyanide Tastes Like Sweet Candy.
To remember the order of the twelve cranial nerves (Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Auditory, Glossopharyneal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal):
• Oh, Oh, Oh! To Touch And Feel A Girl's Vagus, Ah Heaven!.

Biology
To remember Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species:
• King Phillip Chewed On Famous Greek Sausage.
• Katie Please Come Over For Ginger Snaps
• Kings Play Chess OF a Grand Scale
• Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sand
• Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools
• Kings Play Cards On Fat Girls' Stomachs
• Keep Pots Clean Or Family Gets Sick
• Kids Playing Chicken On Freeways Get Squished
• Kings Play Chess On Funny Green Squares
• King Phillip Came Over From Germany, Swimming.
• King Phillip Cooks Omelets For Greasy Slobs.
• King Phillip, Come Out For God's Sake!
• King Phillip Cried, "Oh For Goodness' Sake!"
• King Phillip Came Over For Green Spinach.
• King Phillip Came Over For Great Sex.
• King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain.
• King Phillip Choked On Four Gob Stoppers.
• King Phillip's Court Ordered Fifty Green Spiders.
• King Phillip Cleverly Ordered Five Giant Snails.
• Kirk Played Cavalry On Fred's Good Sofa.
• Kissing Pigs Can Only Foster Grave Sickness.
• Kenneth, Please Call Our Favorite Grandson Soon.

To remember Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species:
• Do Keep Police Cars Off Florida's Great Streets
• Do Keep Papers Coming Or Fail Gardner's Science
• Don King Please Come Over For Gay Sex
• Dear King Philip Came Over For Grape Soda

To remember the difference between "supine" and "prone":
• In muggings, muggers must attack
The victim's proper zone;
The belly if he's supine
And the spine if he is prone.
Also, may use: "Beggars SUPINATE, Kings PRONATE" : Do the action with your hand.

Geography
To remember the names of all the Great Lakes:
HOMES = Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior
Or in order from West to East:
Sally Made Harry Eat Onions.
To remember the countries of Central America south of Mexico, in order from North to South:
Give Every Hungry Nerd Cocoa Puffs. = Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama.

Medicine mnemonics
Colour
To remember the colours of the rainbow (red orange yellow green blue indigo violet) in order:
• Roy G. Biv
• Richard of York gave battle in vain.
• Richard of York got buggered in Venice.
• Run off Young girls boys in view.
• Rich Oliver yelled goodbye because Ian vanished.
Geography
To remember the points of a compass:
• No Spaniard Enjoys Washing.
• Never Eat Spider Webs (clockwise!).
• Never Eat Soggy Waffles (clockwise!).
• Never Eat Sour Watermelon.
• Never Eat Slimy Worms.
• Naughty Elephants Squirt Water.
• Never Eat Shredded Wheat.
• Never Eat Soggy Weet-bix. (Common in Australia, where Weet-bix is a popular cereal)
• Never Enter Stinky Washrooms
• Never Eat Soggy Worms (clockwise...)
• Naughty Elephants Squirt Water
Additionally, the word "News" is spelled when the letters are taken in a lightning-bolt pattern. To remember West and East, the single word "WE" may help.

Geology
Pregnant Camels Ordinarily Sit Down Carefully. Perhaps Their Joints Creak (Possible Early Oiling Might Prevent Poor Health)
eras: Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous (Cenozoic: Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Holocene)

Chemistry
To remember the Periodic table of the elements:
• The first row:
o He Likes Beer But Can Not Obtain Food
o Harry, He Likes Beer By Cups Not OverFlowing
o Little Betty Boron Chews Nuts On Friday Night
• The second row:
o Negress Named Magnolia Alters Sister's Photos Surprisingly Cleverly.
o Nelly's Naughty Mg Allows Silly People Some Clatter Around Katie's Carpark
o NaMgAl SiPS Chlorine Ardently
• The third row:
o A(r) Kopper Called Scarface Tim, Very Crafty Man, (Fe) inCoNito Cunning Zena, Gave Gertie A(s) Severe Bruise.
To memorize which elements can only be found in molecular (diatomic) form:
• HNFOIClBr (Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, Bromine)
o Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer
o I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends
o ClIF H Bron
• Or remember that there are 7 such elements. The first one is the first element (hydrogen), and the rest form a 7 on the table (N, O, F across, then going down Cl, Br, I).
To remember what happens during oxidation and reduction:
• OIL RIG (Oxidation is losing electrons, reduction is gaining electrons)
• Electron Loss Means Oxidation
• LEO the lion, GER! (Losing Electrons Oxidation, Gaining Electrons Reduction)
To remember which electrodes of an electrochemical cell have which reaction:
• Oxidation takes place at the anode (both start with vowels), reduction takes place at the cathode (both start with consonants).
o RED CAT (REDuction at CAThode);
o AN OX (ANode for OXidation)
To remember what elements can form hydrogen bonds when bonded to hydrogen.
• Hydrogen is FON! (fun). Fluorine Oxygen Nitrogen.
To remember the sign of the charges of anions and cations:
• Cation has the letter 't' in it, which looks like a plus sign (ca+ion). Cations are positive (+), anions are negative (-).
• Cations are pawsitive.
How to remember the sequence of dicarboxilic acids : Oh My Stars, Green Apples, for the acids oxalic succinic glutaric and adipic.

Planets
To remember the planets in order of distance from the sun:
• NOTE: Pluto was closer to the sun than Neptune from 1979 to 1999, and it is for 20 years every 248 years because of its elliptical orbit
• My Very Easy Memory Jingle Seems Useful Naming Planets--64.108.208.184 00:38, 1 December 2005 (UTC)
• My Very Earnest Mother Just Served Us Nine Pickles
• Men Very Early Made Journeys Seeking Unknown New Planets
• My very easy mnemonic just summed up nine planets
• My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas.
• Many Vikings Enjoyed Making Jelly; Some Used Norse Plums
• My very eager mother just served us nine pizzas.
• My very energetic mother just swam under north pier.
• Many very early men just stayed up nights planning (planting).
• Martha visits every monday and just stays until noon period.
o (This childhood version uses 'and' to indicate the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter)
• Many voracious earthlings may jump soon upon new planets.
• My very elegant mohair jumper spoilt using nasty persil.
• My very ear might almost jump straight up, never please. (includes the asteroid belt)
• My very easy method: just set up nine planets.
• My very easy method just speeds up naming planets.
• My very excellent mother just sent us new pies.
• Saturday Morning, Very Early, Michael And John Sold Used News Papers. (includes the Sun)
• Mr V Easily Met June Saturday Until Nine PM
• Most Volcanoes Erupt Mulberry Jam Sandwiches Under Normal Pressure
• Men Very Easily Make Jugs Serve Useful Needs
• My Very Easy Method Just Saves Us Naming Planets
• Most of the Voters Earn Money Just by Showing Up Next to the Poll (in a Isaac Asimov novel called most of the voters..)
• My very eager mother just sewed up nine pants.
• My very elderly mother just stepped on Uncle Ned's Parrot
• Mark's Violet Eyes Make Jane Sit Up Nights Pining
• Mother Very Thoughtfully Made A Jelly Sandwich Under No Protest
• My Violin Teacher Made A Joke So Umbrella's Need Pink
Mrs Venus Eats Many Juicy Sausages Under Ned's Plate

o T=Terra=Earth; A=Asteroids - from Robert A. Heinlein's Have Spacesuit Will Travel
o In the same book, Heinlein includes 'prices' which represent the mean AU (Astronomical Unit - mean distance of the Earth from the Sun = 93 million miles = 149 million km) of all the planets from the sun:
 MERCURY $0.39
 VENUS $0.72
 TERRA $1.00
 MARS $1.50
 ASTEROIDS (assorted prices, unimportant)
 JUPITER $5.20
 SATURN $9.50
 URANUS $19.00
 NEPTUNE $30.00
 PLUTO $39.50

Astronomy
To remember spectral classes:
• O Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me
o These are the standard 7 classes. Add Right Now Sweetheart for R, N, and S, which are rarely used.
• On Boring Afternoons Five Gorillas Keep Mrs. Richard Nixon Silent
• Only Boys Accepting Feminism Get Kissed Meaningfully

Zodiac
To remember the order of the signs of the zodiac
(Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces):
• The Ram, the Bull, the heavenly Twins,
and next the Crab, the Lion shines,
the Virgin and the Scales;
the Scorpion, Archer, and the Goat,
the Man who carries the Watering Pot,
and Fish with glittering scales.
• All The Great Constellations Live Very Long Since Stars Can't Alter Physics

Mathematics
Metric System
To remember the order of the metric system, for every exponent from 3 to -3:
(kilometre, hectometre, decametre, metre, decimetre, centimetre, millimetre)
• King Henry Drinks Much Dark Chocolate Milk.
• King Henry's Daughter Makes Delicious Chocolate Muffins.
• King Henry Died Monday Drinking Chocolate Milk.
• King Henry Died! Mother Didn't Care Much.
• King Hector Dector Makes Delicious Chocolate Milk.
--Metre can be replaced with any other systems of measurement such as 'gram' or 'litre'
To remember all the prefixes for exponents 18 to -18 in steps of three (the most common set):
• Exacting Petals, Terribly Gigantic Megaphones Killed 1 Million Microscopic Nasturtiums Picked Freshly by Attorneys.
(exa, peta, tera, giga, mega, kilo, (unit,) milli, micro, nano, pico, femto, atto)
• The Gooey Monster May Not Pick Five Apples.
(tera, giga, mega, ..., micro, nano, pico, femto, atto)
Long Division
To remember the steps for doing long division:
(Divide, Multiply, Subtract, Bring Down)
• Dad Mom Sister Brother
• Dead Monkies Smell Bad
Order of operations
To remember the correct order of operations:
• Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally.
(Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction)
• BEDMAS
(Brackets Exponentiation Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction)
• BIDMAS
(Brackets Indices Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction)
• BODMAS
(Brackets Operations Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction)
• FOIL
(First Outer Inner Last) For problems such as (2x+4)(2x+4)
• PEMDAS
(Parentheses Exponents Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction)
e
e = 2.71828182845905
• To compose e, remember to memorize a sentence to simplify this
o the number of letters in each word of the phrase is a decimal of e
• United States President Andrew Jackson served 2 terms in office. He was the 7th president and was elected in 1828.
• Split up E by groups. 2.7 is easy to remember. Then, 1828 -- twice. Finally, 45-90-45 triangle. 2.7 1828 1828 45-90-45
Pi
pi (π) = 3.14159265358979......................
See Piphilology
• "How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics!"
o the number of letters in each word of the phrase is a decimal of pi (by Isaac Asimov)
• "For a girl I loved contrived; by nature tough, her heart survived"
• "Can I have a large container of coffee"
• "How I wish I could calculate pi quickly"
• "But I must a while endeavour to reckon right the ratio."
• "Man, I can't, I shant / formulate an anthem where the words comprise mnemonics / dreaded mnemonics for pi / The numerals just bother me, always / even the dry anterior / try to request something lower (zero) / in numerary aptitude, even I, pantaloon gallant / I cannot actualize the requested mnemonics / the leading fifty, I..." (from Songs To Wear Pants To)
• Poe, E.: Near a Raven / Midnights so dreary, tired and weary, / Silently pondering volumes extolling all by-now obsolete lore. / During my rather long nap - the weirdest tap! / An ominous vibrating sound disturbing my chamber's antedoor. / "This," I whispered quietly, "I ignore." (see Cadaeic Cadenza)
• "Sir, I send a rhyme excelling/ In sacred truth and rigid spelling/ Numerical sprites elucidate/ For me the lexicon's dull weight."

Trigonometry
To remember the formulas for right-triangle trigonometric functions (Sine = Opposite / Hypotenuse; Cosine = Adjacent / Hypotenuse; Tangent = Opposite / Adjacent):

• Some Old Horse Caught Another Horse Taking Oats Away.
• Some Old Hags Can't Always Hide Their Old Age.
• Ten Old Angels, Sitting On Heaven, Carrying A Harp
• Signs Of Happiness Come After Having Tankards Of Ale
• Some Old Horses Catch A Horrible Type Of Ailment
• SOHCAHTOA (similar in pronunciation to Krakatoa)
• Sex on holidays can always help to overcome anxiety.
• Sleeping on hills can actually harm trees or armadillos
• Spend On Holidays Cause All Holidays Tip Over Asses (14 y.o. schoolboy)
• Silly Old Hag Cracked All Her Teeth On Apples
• Oh Heck Another Hour Of Algebra. (remembering the order: Sin, Cos, Tan)
• Oscar Had A Hold On Arthur. (remembering the order: Sin, Cos, Tan) --credit: Saxon Math
• Oscar Had A Heap Of Apples. (remembering the order: Sin, Cos, Tan)
Another variation to remember the formulas for right-triangle trigonometric functions:
• Some People Have , Curly Brown Hair , Till Painted Black.
(Sine = Perpendicular / Hypotenuse; Cosine = Base / Hypotenuse; Tangent = Perpendicular / Base) Another variation that was common in High Schools in India:
• Some People Have , Curly Brown Hair , They Perform Best
To remember which trig functions are positive in each quadrant (counterclockwise, like a capital C, beginning in quadrant I): A = all functions positive; S = sine and its reciprocal are positive; T = tangent and its reciprocal are positive; C = cosine and its reciprocal are positive.
• All Students Take Calculus
• All Strippers Take Cash
• All Scalpers Take Cash
• All Students Take Crack

To remember expansions:

sin(a+b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b
cos(a+b) = cos a cos b - sin a sin b
Sine Cosine, Cosine Sine. Cosine Cosine minus Sine Sine.
Jumping a vehicle
You have two cars, one dead, and each with a battery with plus and minus signs, and a set of cables. How do you know which sign goes with the other?
• Plus to Plus will start the bus.
Courtesy of The Little Know-How Book by Bob Scher.

Government
Order of creation and succession of United States Cabinet officials.
• See The Dog Jump In A Circle. Leave Her Home To Entertain Every Visitor Here.
{State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veteran's Affairs, Homeland Security}
Note: This is no longer accurate, as Homeland Security has been moved up.
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