My SCRAPBOOK (సేకరణలు): A COLLECTION of articles in English and Telugu(తెలుగు), from various sources, on varied subjects. I do not claim credit for any of the contents of these postings as my own.A student's declaration made at the end of his answer paper, holds good to the articles here too:"I hereby declare that the answers written above are true to the best of my friend's knowledge and I claim no responsibility whatsoever of the correctness of the answers."

Saturday, January 07, 2017

2131~ కరెన్సీ ముద్రణ


ప్రశ్న: రిజర్వు బ్యాంకు దగ్గర ఉన్న బంగారాన్ని బట్టి కరెన్సీ ముద్రణ ఉంటుందా? అసలు డబ్బుల ముద్రణ ఎలా ఉంటుంది?

జవాబు: పురాతన కాలంలో వస్తుమార్పిడి పద్ధతి ద్వారా వినియోగ వస్తువుల వినిమయం ఉండేది. కానీ కాలక్రమేణా వినియోగ వస్తువుల వైవిధ్యం పెరగడం వల్ల ఒకేచోట అన్ని వస్తువులు లభ్యం కాకపోవడం వల్ల వస్తువుకు, వస్తువుకు మధ్య వారధిలాగా కరెన్సీ, నాణేలు రంగంలోకి వచ్చాయి. ఆయాదేశపు అగ్రస్థాయి ఆర్థిక నియంత్రిత వ్యవస్థ ఆయాదేశాల్లో చలామణీ అయ్యే కరెన్సీ మోతాదును నిర్ధారిస్తుంది. మన దేశంలో ఆ అధికారం చాలామటుకు రిజర్వు బ్యాంకుకు ఉంది. నాణేల ముద్రణ వరకు పూర్తిగా ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్థిక మంత్రిత్వశాఖ నిర్ధారిస్తుంది.

మన దేశంలో 1, 2 ,5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 రూపాయల కరెన్సీ టెండర్లు ఉండగా గత సంవత్సరం నవంబరు 8వ తేదీ నుంచి 500, 1000 రూపాయల కరెన్సీకి తెరపడింది. వాటి స్థానే కొత్త 500, 2000 రూపాయల కరెన్సీ వచ్చింది.

కరెన్సీ నోట్లను దేశంలో మధ్యప్రదేశ్‌ రాష్ట్రంలోని దేవాస్‌, మహారాష్ట్రలోని నాసిక్‌, కర్ణాటక రాష్ట్రంలో మైసూరు, పశ్చిమ్‌ బంగలోని సాల్బొని నగరాల్లో కట్టుదిట్టంగా ముద్రిస్తారు. వీటికి రిజర్వు బ్యాంకు గవర్నరు వకాల్తా పుచ్చుకుంటారు.

నాణేల ముద్రణ ముంబయి, నోయిడా, కోల్‌కతా, హైదరాబాదుల్లో జరుగుతోంది.

రిజర్వు బ్యాంకు దగ్గర ఉన్న బంగారు నిల్వలతో పాటు దేశంలో పెరుగుతున్న జాతీయ స్థూల ఉత్పత్తి, వస్తువుల వైవిధ్యం, జనాభా పెరుగుదల, పాత కరెన్సీ వాడకంలో నలిగిపోయి పనికిరాకుండా పోయే తీరు మీద, ఆయా నోట్ల డిమాండు మీద ఆధారపడి వివిధ విలువలు గల కరెన్సీ నోట్లను ముద్రిస్తారు.
- ప్రొ॥ ఎ. రామచంద్రయ్య, నిట్‌, వరంగల్‌, ఎడిటర్‌, చెకుముకి, జనవిజ్ఞాన వేదిక(తెలంగాణ)

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Friday, May 29, 2015

2045- Wealth and hard work


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Monday, May 11, 2015

1952- Ayn Rand's Philosophy

-Bruce E. Levine
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Rand said, “Capitalism and altruism are incompatible….The choice is clear-cut: either a new morality of rational self-interest, with its consequences of freedom, justice, progress and man’s happiness on earth—or the primordial morality of altruism, with its consequences of slavery, brute force, stagnant terror and sacrificial furnaces.”
For many young people, hearing that it is “moral” to care only about oneself can be intoxicating, and some get addicted to this idea for life.
I have known several people, professionally and socially, whose lives have been changed by those close to them who became infatuated with Ayn Rand.
To wow her young admirers, Rand would often tell a story of how a smart-aleck book salesman had once challenged her to explain her philosophy while standing on one leg. She replied:
“Metaphysics—objective reality.
Epistemology—reason.
Ethics—self-interest.
Politics—capitalism.”
How did that philosophy capture young minds?

(1)Metaphysics—objective reality.
Rand offered a narcotic for confused young people: complete certainty and a relief from their anxiety. Rand believed that an “objective reality” existed, and she knew exactly what that objective reality was. It included skyscrapers, industries, railroads, and ideas—at least her ideas. Rand’s objective reality did not include anxiety or sadness. Nor did it include much humor, at least the kind where one pokes fun at oneself. Rand assured her Collective that objective reality did not include Beethoven’s, Rembrandt’s, and Shakespeare’s realities—they were too gloomy and too tragic, basically buzzkillers. Rand preferred Mickey Spillane and, towards the end of her life, “Charlie’s Angels.”

(2)Epistemology—reason.
Rand’s kind of reason was a “cool-tool” to control the universe. Rand demonized Plato, and her youthful Collective members were taught to despise him. If Rand really believed that the Socratic Method described by Plato of discovering accurate definitions and clear thinking did not qualify as “reason,” why then did she regularly attempt it with her Collective? Also oddly, while Rand mocked dark moods and despair, her “reasoning” directed that Collective members should admire Dostoyevsky, whose novels are filled with dark moods and despair. A demagogue, in addition to hypnotic glibness, must also be intellectually inconsistent, sometimes boldly so. This eliminates challenges to authority by weeding out clear-thinking young people from the flock.

(3)Ethics—self-interest.
For Rand, all altruists were manipulators. What could be more seductive to kids who discerned the motives of martyr parents, Christian missionaries and U.S. foreign aiders? Her champions, Nathaniel Branden still among them, feel that Rand’s view of “self-interest” has been horribly misrepresented. For them, self-interest is her hero architect Howard Roark turning down a commission because he couldn’t do it exactly his way. Some of Rand’s novel heroes did have integrity, however, for Rand there is no struggle to discover the distinction between true integrity and childish vanity. Rand’s integrity was her vanity, and it consisted of getting as much money and control as possible, copulating with whomever she wanted regardless of who would get hurt, and her always being right. To equate one’s selfishness, vanity, and egotism with one’s integrity liberates young people from the struggle to distinguish integrity from selfishness, vanity, and egotism.

(4)Politics—capitalism.
While Rand often disparaged Soviet totalitarian collectivism, she had little to say about corporate totalitarian collectivism, as she conveniently neglected the reality that giant U.S. corporations, like the Soviet Union, do not exactly celebrate individualism, freedom, or courage. Rand was clever and hypocritical enough to know that you don’t get rich in the United States talking about compliance and conformity within corporate America. Rather, Rand gave lectures titled: “America’s Persecuted Minority: Big Business.” So, young careerist corporatists could embrace Rand’s self-styled “radical capitalism” and feel radical — radical without risk.

Rand’s Legacy
In recent years, we have entered a phase where it is apparently okay for major political figures to publicly embrace Rand despite her contempt for Christianity. In contrast, during Ayn Rand’s life, her philosophy that celebrated self-interest was a private pleasure for the 1 percent but she was a public embarrassment for them. They used her books to congratulate themselves on the morality of their selfishness, but they publicly steered clear of Rand because of her views on religion and God. Rand, for example, had stated on national television, “I am against God. I don’t approve of religion. It is a sign of a psychological weakness. I regard it as an evil.”
Actually, again inconsistent, Rand did have a God. It was herself. She said:
I am done with the monster of “we,” the word of serfdom, of plunder, of misery, falsehood and shame. And now I see the face of god, and I raise this god over the earth, this god whom men have sought since men came into being, this god who will grant them joy and peace and pride. This god, this one word: “I.”
While Harriet Beecher Stowe shamed Americans about the United States’ dehumanization of African Americans and slavery, Ayn Rand removed Americans’ guilt for being selfish and uncaring about anyone except themselves. Not only did Rand make it “moral” for the wealthy not to pay their fair share of taxes, she “liberated” millions of other Americans from caring about the suffering of others, even the suffering of their own children.
The good news is that I’ve seen ex-Rand fans grasp the damage that Rand’s philosophy has done to their lives and to then exorcize it from their psyche. Can the United States as a nation do the same thing?
(Bruce E. Levine is a practicing clinical psychologist. His latest book is Get Up, Stand Up: Uniting Populists, Energizing the Defeated, and Battling the Corporate Elite.)

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Tuesday, May 05, 2015

1937- Haggle or bargain?


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1935- Money

"Money is always there but the pockets change"
Gertrude Stein

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Tuesday, December 09, 2014

1693- CAPITALISM




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Wednesday, September 03, 2014

1628- Holds good for India too!

Whether making donuts or building bridges, labor makes America. Let the profits of each corporation be shared as sound wages, health care, and pensions for its workers, before one penny is given to investors on Wall Street. Then our nation will be a just community, with a living covenant. God bless American labor and labor unions this day. ~ Fred LaMotte
 

Photo: Whether making donuts or building bridges, labor makes America. Let the profits of each corporation be shared as sound wages, health care, and pensions for its workers, before one penny is given to investors on Wall Street. Then our nation will be a just community, with a living covenant. God bless American labor and labor unions this day. ~ Fred LaMotte

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Sunday, August 10, 2014

1611- PERSONAL FINANCE LITERACY

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Nearly 85% of students of arts and engineering colleges in Chennai could not do basic interest calculations on a small saving of Rs1,000 for two years at 10% interest compounded annually,

while 38% of the students did not know what PAN (permanent account number) stood for.

The findings also reveal that seven out of 10 students found basic inflation calculations difficult,

while 36% of them could not differentiate between income and expense.

More than half the number of students could not identify an asset in the multiple choice format. The choices included housing loan, personal car, insurance and income tax.

Moreover, 29% of students thought that bank fixed deposits were a risky option.

In an era when banks are going the whole hog to target young customers with anytime, anywhere and mobile banking, this finding has revealed that knowledge on personal finance is pretty low amongst youth in Chennai city.

The test was administered across seven colleges with 654 final year students participating in it. "Many of the students are from some of the well known engineering colleges in the city. Nearly 58% of the students did not know the highest income tax slab. And many of them are slated to get their first pay cheque within the next few months," the study said.

The low financial score is also despite launch of financial literacy material by the Reserve Bank of India last year. The central bank had issued revised guidelines on financial literacy centres (FLC) and also advised that all the rural branches of scheduled commercial banks scale up financial literacy efforts through outdoor camps at least once a month.
(TOI)

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Tuesday, July 29, 2014

1594- The vicious cycle of unhappiness!


{via Indian Administrative Service (IAS)}
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A crow lived in the forest and was absolutely satisfied in life.

But one day he saw a swan."This swan is so white," he thought, "and I am so black. This swan must be the happiest bird in the world."

He expressed his thoughts to the swan. "Actually," the swan replied, "I was feeling that I was the happiest bird around until I saw a parrot, which has two colors. I now think the parrot is the happiest bird in creation."

The crow then approached the parrot. The parrot explained, "I lived a very happy life—until I saw a peacock. I have only two colors, but the peacock has multiple colors."

The crow then visited a peacock in the zoo and saw that hundreds of people had gathered to see him. After the people had left, the crow approached the peacock. "Dear peacock," the crow said, "you are so beautiful. Every day thousands of people come to see you. When people see me, they immediately shoo me away. I think you are the happiest bird on the planet."

The peacock replied, "I always thought that I was the most beautiful and happy bird on the planet. But because of my beauty, I am entrapped in this zoo. I have examined the zoo very carefully, and I have realized that the crow is the only bird not kept in a cage. So for past few days I have been thinking that if I were a crow, I could happily roam everywhere."

That's our problem too. We make unnecessary comparison with others and become sad. We don't value what has God given us.
This all leads to the vicious cycle of unhappiness.

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Sunday, July 20, 2014

1574- How the media is manipulating us and messing up our lives!

Soul Repair thru Art Therapy- the book +counseling's photo.
Subliminal Conditioning the mess.
The last century after the Great War, saw relatively a period of technical growth and a unified market at peace. So all countries could manufacture goods and sell in a larger market than had existed ever before. The wars had devastated large populations and there was great hunger for more. This is when with the reach now available to the media, also was growing thru unheard of mediums of travel by air, television and color photography and printing. There was a great jump in the people who could read and earn well. So there were buyers.
The marketers immediately saw the potential that was opening up. They centered and focused on sex but couched it in the word LOVE. This is how they made the people see things: to win over “love”, give gifts, make yourself smart and presentable – this translated into gifts, clothes, cosmetics, dine-outs picnics and all things needed to show-off. This would then result in marriages; which in turn gave rise to more sales for the homes, and when the babies came along, it was bonanza for the sellers. It was an unending stream of buyers and a long list of desires waiting and begging to be satisfied. Everyone had to have a car!
The aspirations grew but unfortunately most of us are not made for this competitive life and keep up with the Joneses. Envy, rancor became rampant. Individuality, independence & unrestrained freedom was aimed for and aloneness was wanted but at the same time so was “love” - a kind of living in a group without wanting to be part of it.
Imagine everyone living precariously on the edge of self-centeredness but depending on each other, knowing well that they need each other but not wanting to acknowledge this fact. A potent brew to bring pain in one’s life is as I see it.
The media was becoming more and more refined with better and cheaper gadgetry and dreaming up more and more occasions for happiness. The reach was growing and the middle class was ecstatic with its possessions.
They were being bombarded from all sides, specially the movies and the stars to adopt more classy styles of living. The trap was well laid and the whole world fell into it with a thud – never realizing that they had been subliminally manipulated into this state.
This gave rise to stresses, poorer health, broken dreams and disappointments and psychotic break-downs. We literally sold our souls and paid for it like we were giving out dowry for the pleasure.
This mess now demands clearing up.
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Friday, July 04, 2014

1545- Need for a stable center:


(Thanks Ben Gilberti)
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We wonder why Muslim countries like Iraq and Syria and Egypt can't be democratic societies like us (the USA), but we fail to understand the need humans have for a stable center. Just look at the Hajj in Mecca. This is a metaphor for a stable center around which the people find meaning, order, and a place in their society. We all have this need.

What the Islamic mind fears about western democracy is that it has no Center. A secular society like ours make the individual ego its center so everything revolves around this consuming center. Our whole economy circles around this Ego Center like the pilgrims circle around the Hajj. America especially, with our worship of freedom makes the Ego Center our God. We are a people of ego centers...
-Ed Conley

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Friday, April 11, 2014

1407- 'స్కామాతురాణాం, న భయం, న లజ్జా'


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1406- ఆర్థిక విజయానికి సూత్రాలివి!

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(eenaaDu, Friday, April 11, 2014)
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సంపాదించే ప్రతి రూపాయికీ ఓ పరమార్థం ఉండాలి.
ఖర్చు చేసేప్పుడూ ఒక లెక్క ఉండాలి.
పెట్టుబడి పెట్టినా ఓ పద్ధతి ఉండాలి.
వచ్చిన డబ్బంతా వెనకయ్యలేం.. అలాగని మొత్తం ఖర్చు చేస్తే భవిష్యత్తులో ఇబ్బంది తప్పదు.
అందుకే, డబ్బు విషయంలో కొన్ని సూత్రాలు, జాగ్రత్తలు పాటించాలి.

ఒక్కో వ్యక్తి ఆర్థిక పరిస్థితి ఒక్కోలా ఉంటుంది. అవసరాలూ వేర్వేరుగా ఉంటాయి.. ఆర్థిక విషయాల్లో ఎవరికి వారే అయినప్పటికీ కొన్ని అంశాలు మాత్రం సాధారణంగా అందరికీ ఒకేలా వర్తిస్తాయి. వాటి గురించే తెలుసుకుందాం!

(1)ఎప్పుడయ్యేను రెట్టింపు:-
మన సొమ్మును ఒక చోట పెట్టుబడి పెడుతున్నామంటే ఎంతోకొంత రాబడి ఆశించే కదా! అయితే, ఎంత రాబడి వస్తే మన డబ్బు ఎన్నేళ్లలో రెట్టింపు అవుతుందన్న విషయం మనకు తెలుసుండాలి. బీమా పాలసీలు తీసుకున్నా, బ్యాంకు ఫిక్స్‌డ్‌ డిపాజిట్లలో జమ చేసినా, ఫండ్లలో పెట్టుబడి పెట్టినా రాబడి ఎంత వస్తుందో తెలిస్తే చాలు.. రెట్టింపు కోసం ఎన్నాళ్లు ఆగాలో తెలుసుకోవచ్చు.

దీనికోసం ఒక సూత్రం ఉంది. అదే 'రూల్‌ 72':- 

దీని ద్వారా మన సొమ్ము నిర్ణీత సమయంలో రెట్టింపు కావాలంటే ఎంత రాబడి రావాలి తెలుసుకోవచ్చు. లేదా రాబడి ఆధారంగా ఎన్నేళ్ల సమయంలో మనం అనుకున్న ఫలితం వస్తుందో గణించవచ్చు.



ఎలా?:
[i] రాబడి శాతం ఎంత రావాలో తెలుసుకోవడానికి.
72/సంవత్సరాలు. అంటే పదేళ్లలో మీ సొమ్ము రెట్టింపు కావాలంటే.. కనీసం 7.2 శాతం రాబడి రావాలన్న మాట. (72/10=7.2)

[ii]మీరు పెట్టుబడి పెట్టిన పథకం 8 శాతం రాబడి ఇస్తుందనుకుందాం.అప్పుడు వీటిల్లో పెట్టిన మన సొమ్ము రెట్టింపు కావడానికి కూడా ఇదే సూత్రం వరిస్తుంది. 72/8 = 8.4 (8ఏళ్ల 4 నెలలు)


(2)నష్టభయం ఎంత మేరకు?:- దీర్ఘకాలంలో మంచి రాబడి అందించే పథకాలు అనగానే ఈక్విటీలు, ఈక్విటీ ఆధారిత పథకాలే గుర్తుకు వస్తాయి. అయితే, రాబడిని అంటిపెట్టుకొని, ఇందులో నష్టభయం ఉంటుంది. అందుకే, అందరికీ ఇవి సరిపడవు. ద్రవ్యోల్బణం పెరుగుతున్న నేపథ్యంలో సంప్రదాయ పొదుపు పథకాలు ఇచ్చే రాబడి అంతంత మాత్రంగానే ఉంటోంది. అయితే, పెట్టుబడులకు ప్రత్యేకించేదంతా ఈక్విటీల్లోనే పెడితే నష్టాలు వచ్చినప్పుడు పరిస్థితి ఏమిటి?
అందుకే, ఎంత సొమ్మును స్టాక్‌ మార్కెట్‌కు ప్రత్యేకించాలన్నది తెలుసుకోవాలి.

** వయసును బట్టి మదుపు ప్రణాళిక మారుతూ ఉండాలి. ఒక్కో దశకూ ఒక్కో అంశం ప్రాధాన్యం పెరుగుతూ ఉంటుంది. 25 ఏళ్ల వయసులో ఉన్నప్పుడు నష్టం వచ్చినా తట్టుకునే శక్తి ఉంటుంది. కానీ, 65 ఏళ్ల వారికి నష్టం వస్తే ఆర్థికంగా కష్టమే కదా!
కాబట్టి, ఈక్విటీల్లో మదుపు చేసేవారు ఒక సూత్రాన్ని పాటించాలి. 100 లోనుంచి మన వయసును తీసేయగా వచ్చే సంఖ్యకు సమానమైన శాతంలోనే పెట్టుబడులు పెట్టవచ్చు. ఉదాహరణకు మీ వయసు 35 ఏళ్లనుకుందాం. అప్పుడు 100-35= 65. అంటే, మీరు పెట్టుబడులకు కేటాయించాలనుకుంటున్న మొత్తంలో దాదాపు 65 శాతం వరకూ ఈక్విటీలకు ప్రత్యేకించవచ్చన్నమాట.

కొన్ని ప్రత్యేక సందర్భాల్లో దీనికి మినహాయింపులు ఉన్నాయి. మీకు అప్పులు ఎక్కువగా ఉన్నాయనుకోండి. ఇల్లు కట్టుకోవడం, లేదా గృహరుణం తీర్చేయాలనే లక్ష్యాలు మూడేళ్లలోపు పూర్తి తీర్చుకోవాలని అనుకుంటున్నారనుకోండి. అధిక శాతం సొమ్ము ఈక్విటీల్లో పెట్టడం మంచిది కాదు. అలాంటప్పుడు డెట్‌ లేదా స్థిరాదాయం అందించే పథకాలకు మళ్లించాలి.

(3)పొదుపు కూడా ఖర్చే:-
చిన్న వయసులోనే వేలకు వేల జీతం ఆర్జిస్తున్నవారూ నెలాఖరు వచ్చే సరికి చేతిలో చిల్లిగవ్వ లేకుండా ఉంటున్నారు. క్రెడిట్‌ కార్డులతో నెట్టుకొస్తున్నారు. ఖర్చులు పోగా మిగిలిందంతా పొదుపే అన్నట్లు ఉండటం సరికాదు. సంపాదిస్తున్న దాంట్లో స్థిరంగా కొంత మొత్తాన్ని తీసేసి, మిగిలిందే మన చేతికి అందే సొమ్ము అనే భావన ఏర్పర్చుకోవాలి. ఇక్కడ పొదుపును కూడా ఒక ఖర్చుగానే భావించి మొదటి ప్రాధాన్యం దానికే ఇవ్వాలి.

ఎంత జీతం వచ్చినా అందులో నుంచి తక్కువలో తక్కువ 10 శాతమైనా ఈ పొదుపనే ఖర్చుకు కేటాయించాలి. అంటే మీకు నెలకు రూ.30 వేలు వస్తున్నాయనుకుందాం. అప్పుడు ముందుగా కనీసం రూ.3,000 ఆ మొత్తంలోనుంచి తగ్గించాలి. అంటే, మీకు వస్తున్నది రూ. 27వేలే అన్నమాట. ఇందులోనుంచే మీరేం చేసినా. అనివార్య పరిస్థితుల్లో మీరు ఒక నెల 10శాతం సొమ్మును దాచలేకపోయారు. అప్పుడు రెండు నెలలు 15శాతం చొప్పున మిగల్చాలి. నిబంధన మాత్రం తప్పకూడదు.

** ఈ సొమ్మును దీర్ఘకాలిక పథకాల్లోనూ మదుపు చేయవచ్చు. లేదా బ్యాంకుల్లో 'స్వీప్‌ ఇన్‌' సౌకర్యం ఉంటే అందులోకి ఈ నగదును జమ చేయవచ్చు. ఇవి తాత్కాలిక ఫిక్స్‌డ్‌ డిపాజిట్లలాగా పనిచేస్తాయి. లిక్విడ్‌ ఫండ్లనూ ఎంచుకోవచ్చు. పొదుపు ఖాతాకన్నా కొద్దిగా ఎక్కువ వడ్డీ వస్తుంది. ఎప్పుడు కావాలంటే అప్పుడు సొమ్మును వెనక్కి తీసుకోవచ్చు.

(4)అప్పు చేస్తున్నారా?:-
అన్నింటికీ అప్పు సులభంగా దొరికే ఈ రోజుల్లో సరదాగా రుణాలు చేయడం అలవాటయ్యింది. కొత్తగా ఏది వచ్చినా దాన్ని కొనడం కొంతమందికి అలవాటు. ఇలా తెలియకుండానే అప్పుల వూబిలోకి దిగిపోయేవారు ఎంతోమంది. కానీ, రుణం చేయకుండా ఉండాలంటే.. చాలా వాటిని కోల్పోవాల్సి వస్తుంది. సొంతిల్లు సొంతం చేసుకోవాలన్నా.. నచ్చిన కారును కొనాలన్నా అప్పు చేయడం తప్ప మార్గం లేదు. కాకపోతే ఈ అప్పులు మరీ ఎక్కువయినప్పుడే ఇబ్బంది.
అన్ని రుణాల వాయిదాలూ కలిపి మీ మొత్తం జీతంలో 40 శాతానికి మించకూడదనేది వ్యక్తిగత ఆర్థిక నిపుణుల మాట.

ఉదాహరణకు మీరు నెలకు రూ.30,000 సంపాదిస్తున్నారునుకుందాం. అందులో నెలకు రూ. 12,000కు మించి రుణ వాయిదాలు చెల్లించకూడదు. అప్పుడే మీరు ఆర్థికంగా ఆరోగ్యంగా ఉన్నట్లు లెక్క. ఎక్కువ వడ్డీలకు తెచ్చిన వ్యక్తిగత, క్రెడిట్‌ కార్డు రుణాలను సాధ్యమైనంత తొందరగా వదిలించుకోవడం మేలు. గుర్తుంచుకోండి. విలువ పెరిగే ఆస్తుల కొనుగోలుకు తీసుకున్న అప్పులు ఎప్పుడూ మంచివే.

ముందే అనుకున్నట్లు వ్యక్తులను బట్టి ప్రణాళికలు మారుతూ ఉంటాయి. దానికి తగ్గట్టుగా పెట్టుబడి మొత్తాలు కూడా. ఒకరికి సరిపోయిన సూత్రం మరొకరికి సరిపోకపోవచ్చు.
ఒక అవగాహనకు రావడానికి మాత్రం వీటి మీద ఆధారపడవచ్చు.

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Tuesday, April 08, 2014

1403- Financial Management


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Tuesday, March 18, 2014

1375- Inflation cut Rs.100 to Rs.14 in 30years & how to beat inflation:



@6.5% long-term WPI(wholesale price index) inflation in India, the purchasing power of Rs.100/- has eroded to a dismal Rs.13.80 over the last 30years! 


'Inflation Indexed Bonds' (IIBs) are a low-risk, perfect hedge against inflation, and must, therefore, be part of any long-term debt portfolio.
(TOI)

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1371- India is progressing (even in scams)

 (1)Military jeeps' scam(1948):Rs.80lakhs
(2)Mundra scam(1957):Rs.1crore25lakhs
(3)Bofors' scam(1986):Rs.63crores
(4)NOW:-
(a)2G Spectrum scam:Rs.1lakh76thousand crores
(b)Coal scam:Rs. 1lakh86thousand crores
(c)ISRO Scam:Rs.3lakh crores
 
(source:eenaadu)
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Tuesday, November 12, 2013

1282-STATUS CHEQUE

(Times Of India, 28:10:2013)
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Thursday, August 01, 2013

1240-FINALLY,AP REACHES ITS T-JUNCTION

How The 29th State Will Be Formed

Bharti Jain | TNN New Delhi: 


With the CWC giving thumbs up to Telangana,the formal process for the creation of Indias 29th state will get under way in earnest.Estimated to take a bare minimum of 122 days once the resolution for creation of the new state is passed by the Andhra state legislature,the state reorganization proposal will have to be approved thrice by the Union Cabinet apart from being ratified by the state legislature and,finally,Parliament.
 

The first step would be a reference by the Union government to the state legislature to pass a resolution for formation of a separate state of Telangana.On the basis of this proposal,the Union home ministry will prepare a Cabinet note over the next seven days and submit it for approval.
 

A Cabinet meeting will take up this note and form a Group of Ministers (GoM) comprising the ministers of home affairs,finance,education,health,irrigation,power,environment and forest,railways,HRD,chemicals and fertilizers,food and consumer affairs and labour besides deputy chairman of Planning Commission to examine the economic issues linked to creation of the new state.This GoM is likely to submit its recommendations in a 30-day timeframe.
 

The Union home ministry will study the GoMs recomm e n d at i o n s over the next 15 days and a c c o rd i n g ly frame the Cabinet note,to be moved with draft Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Bill.
 

The note will request the Cabinet to approve the draft Bill,recommend to the President to refer the Bill to the state legislature,ask the finance ministry to appoint an expert panel to recommend measures for smooth transition in terms of financial management and viability of the reorganized states and seek setting up of a dedicated unit in the Planning Commission to manage economic and financial factors in the rest of Andhra.This unit will ensure multifaceted development of the region with the help of better financial management and adequate devolution of Central funds.The Cabinet approval for this is expected within seven days.
 

Over the next couple of days,the draft Bill through the home minister and the prime minister will be sent to the President,requesting him to refer it to the state legislature under Article 3 of the Constitution.The state legislature will have 30 days to consider the draft Bill and give its views,which will then be vetted by the law ministry over the next seven days.
 

The Cabinet note with the draft reorganization Bill vetted by the law ministry will be put up for approval and is expected to be cleared by the Cabinet in five days.
 

Once the draft organization Bill is approved by the Cabinet,a notice for its introduction in Lok Sabha/Rajya Sabha will be given.This may take a couple of days.The consideration and passage of the Bill is expected over the next 15 days,followed by Presidential assent over the next two days.
 

Thus,the process of bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh to create a separate state of Telangana will be complete.

POWER SHIFT



WHAT STATEHOOD MEANS FOR TELANGANA


Control over Krishna and Godavari waters Catchment of 68% Krishna | 69% Godavari river But so far,Telangana got only 32% Krishna water.Agitators said should get 70% Prakasam Barrage,Nagarjuna Sagar,Srisailam draw away water to other AP regions Benefits of irrigation canals | 74% Coastal Andhra | 18% Telangana | 8% Rayalaseema 


45% of APs forest area in Telangana across five districts. 

Singareni collieries excavate coal for industry,power stations Power generated supplied to entire south India Region has limestone deposits,besides bauxite & mica Jobs For Region's People
 

Only 20% APs Govt employees were from Telangana,Population-wise,should have been 40%,more than 6 lakh.In reality,barely 3 lakh Less than 5% dept heads in AP govt were from Telangana.
 

Only 6 out of 12 AP CMs from Telangana 

As A State Telanganas per capita income,10th highest in country,notch above all-India average.
In absolute GDP terms,Telangana (without Hyd) above Chhattisgarh,Jharkhand, Ukhand,HP,Goa.Among all states,at 15th place.

TELANGANA STATE,s


68% KRISHNA WATERS

45%
OF ANDHRAS FOREST AREA

20%
COUNTRY'S COAL DEPOSITS

50%
AP REVENUES FROM HERE

 

WHAT IT MEANS FOR ANDHRA

In absolute GDP size,Andhra region third among states, 

Per capita income of Andhra 11th highest,above all-India average 
Rich in agriculture,owing to Godavari and Krishna deltas 
Within AP,coastal Andhra is superior economic entity Considered rice bowl Now loses control over rivers Krishna and Godavari 
Loses control over mineralrich Telangana region 
Has to develop new capital 
Loses Telangana revenue that was 50% of state revenues

 

WHAT IT MEANS FOR RAYALASEEMA

Srikrishna Panel called
RAYALASEEMA, AP's most deprived/ backward region This,despite fact that five AP CMs from Rayalaseema,among them YSR,Chandrababu Naidu 

Compared to Telangana and Andhra,Rayalaseema worse off in industry.
Basically agrarian 
Flight of capital from Rayalaseema to Karnataka with Reddy community investing in real estate and industry in Karnataka 
Perception that Andhra region exploitative With Telangana carved out,possibility of Greater Rayalaseema statehood demand 

(Times Of India, 31:07:2013)
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1239-Telangana's Here


 
Its a political decision,but the economic challenges of carving out a separate state are huge. 
With the UPA coalition partners and the Congress Working Committee having endorsed Telangana,its creation within the Indian Union is now a reality.Though the demand for Telangana dates back half a century,statehood had remained elusive till the fading electoral fortunes of the UPA changed political equations and made the idea more politically acceptable.By forming Telangana the UPA hopes to tap consequent goodwill and win a few more seats in the general elections next year.But the decision also raises serious political and economic challenges.
 
Politically there can be a backlash from proponents of a united Andhra Pradesh,unleashing turmoil.Claims regarding the exclusive status of Hyderabad will remain a flashpoint for many years.But the most important political repercussions will be in other states where regional aspirants have laid new claims for statehood for Gorkhaland, Bodoland, Vidharbha,Poorvanchal, Vindhya Pradesh and so on.
 
On the economic front the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh can change the fortunes of a large state of 85 million people.One of the faster growing states in the country,Andhra Pradesh has successfully brought down poverty levels to 9.2%,which is less than half the national average.It has also emerged as one of the leading states in information technology, pharmaceuticals, health services and infrastructure.It is essential to ensure that a break-up would spur and not whittle down these achievements.
 
Smaller states are generally easier to administer,although this isn't a slam-dunk as the cases of Jharkhand or more recently Uttarakhand which caved in entirely to floods show.In certain cases larger states can mobilise more resources,as Andhra demonstrated by being the most successful among Indian states in tackling Maoism.
Whatever might be the long-term advantages of the division of Andhra, its clear that in the short term there will be many challenges.The additional funds for building social and physical infrastructure will burden the central government,adding to fiscal deficits which are already weighing down the economy.Business in coastal Andhra Pradesh will lose easy access to the large market in Hyderabad,while those in Telangana will be unable to easily access the large ports and tap the advantage of the huge gas reserves in Godavari basin.
The decision to create Telangana has been made on emotive and political grounds.But the devil lies in the details,which have been given short shrift.
(Times of India, 31:07:2013)
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Tuesday, June 25, 2013

1219 - Get more with less

[The Hindu, METROPLUS, Chennai, 25:06:2013]

Minimalists Joshua Fields Millburn and Ryan Nicodemus speak to Sriya Narayanan about the virtues of simple living

“The quickest way to give yourself a pay raise?” asks the title of one of their blog posts. “Spend less money,” reads the entry. This and some of the other nuggets of wisdom on www.theminimalists.com have propelled Joshua Fields Millburn and Ryan Nicodemus to cult status amongst over two million readers, all looking to shift their focus away from a materialistic lifestyle. 





The bloggers, both based in Ohio and in their early 30s, walk the talk. They walked away from their high-powered, six-figure-pay jobs in corporate America (Joshua quit, Ryan was laid off), systematically got rid of around 90 per cent of their material belongings and preached the power of the bare minimum. Their books on simple living have consistently topped Amazon bestseller lists, and they host meet-up tours to spread their message: that we’re trapped in a culture that encourages us to live beyond our means; one that keeps us in perpetual pursuit of the next shiny goal.

Increasing returns

“Goals are for the unmotivated,” blogs Joshua who frequently speaks of how his earlier material goals landed him in deep debt, and took a toll on his health and relationships. Today, the writer, who’s also a bestselling novelist, has co-authored their posts on the 21-day journey into reducing the number of things they owned. This means not just donating or selling things they didn’t truly need, but also throwing out objects that have sentimental value. Has he ever regretted discarding something that had emotional significance? “No. I’ve never missed anything I’ve gotten rid of.”


As for Ryan, he believes that being fired from his job freed him from the insecurity that came with a fixed income. “Being laid off from my job was both exciting and terrifying,” he says, adding it was a much-needed catalyst that helped him understand that money and things weren’t a guarantee of happiness or fulfilment. Recently, for his 31st birthday, Ryan asked friends and readers to donate $ 31 to Charity Water (a non-profit that provides clean drinking water to Third World countries) instead of buying him yet another gift he didn’t need. “I was able to raise more than $ 5,500, which helped bring clean water to 276 people in a village in Ethiopia,” he says. The duo believes that the final element of minimalism is organ donation, and that giving the gift of life during death is one of the best decisions one could make.


While they state they are not anti-corporation as such, they find that slick marketing campaigns often create feelings of inadequacy, and contribute to the vicious cycle of consumption. They steer clear of the strategies they dislike, including ‘psychological pricing’, which is why they’d never price a book at $ 6.99 instead of $ 7. During their journey into a life of less, their friend circles changed too. “Over time, my friends and relationships changed into people who share similar beliefs. Now my relationships are predicated on my values rather than proximity,” says Joshua.


Though their context is that of a highly consumerist society, they believe that the issue is relevant everywhere. Joshua elaborates, “In both the U.S. and India, we face many of the same problems. Namely, most of us want to own more material things without knowing why we actually want them. I think that in both places, we look toward the American Dream as if it will make us happy. But it won’t.”

A life of freedom

Asked if his lifestyle is sustainable in the long haul, Joshua responds that he doesn’t think of himself as a radical. “Minimalism is not a radical lifestyle. It’s a tool I use to get rid of unnecessary stuff and live a meaningful life — a life filled with freedom and conscious awareness.”

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Just In Case...

People often hold on to things just in case they need them. They don’t let go because they might need something in the future. And they pack too much stuff for trips and vacations just in case they might need it.

But we needn’t hold on to these things. The truth is, we rarely use ‘just in case’ items, and thus they sit there, take up space, get in the way, and weigh us down. Most of the time they aren’t items we need at all. Getting rid of them clears one’s mind, frees up their space, and takes the weight off their shoulders.
(Source: www.theminimalists.com)
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